Abnormal DNA Methylation in the Human Genome essays

Unusual DNA Methylation in the Human Genome expositions The methylation of DNA fills in as one of the most urgent epigenetic changes of cutting edge hereditary qualities. Methylation and demethylation of DNA effectsly affect cell separation and procedures, for example, translation, quality articulation, chromatin structure, and concealment of intrusive and undesirable qualities. Numerous compounds work reasonably to direct methylation movement, one of the principle being DNA methyltransferase. Any disturbances in the methyltransferase pathway can prompt the change of ordinary DNA methylation. The change of these procedures can prompt deadly infections and different sorts of malignant growth. The two examples where atypical DNA methylation fall are hypermethylation and hypomethylation. Pertinently, the malignant growth genome is normally set apart by the hypermethylation of explicit qualities synchronous to the reduction in 5-methyl cytosine levels (hypomethylation). Hypermethylation alludes to the over methylation of certain qualities which brings about the constraint of translation. Hypomethylation is an abatement in the methylation of cytosine and adenosine buildups in DNA. The abatement in methylation causes the decrease of engraving and the flimsiness of chromosomal structure. The two examples of anomalies of DNA methylation can bring about irregulation of quality interpretation, which can at last lead to the advancement malignant growth; in any case, because of its trait of being reversible, adjustment of methylation and methyltransferase is a perfect theraputic and epigenetic focus for the different diseases that start from it. DNA methylation was first found in 1948, and from that point forward, has created a considerable measure of contention because of attempting to translate its hugeness. The methylation of DNA is a covalent change which brings about the expansion of a methyl gathering to 'the fifth carbon of the cytosine ring. The greater part of the methylation happens in the CpG dinucelotide; in any case, since there can be up to 1... <!

Derivative Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Subsidiary Markets - Essay Example There are a few confinements in the cost of future agreements and it is guaranteed by future exchange. The presence of value limits help to limit the precariousness of costs by protecting associations against advertise overcompensation. Be that as it may, value cutoff can likewise make future agreements less fluid. Future exchange makes future agreements progressively important. Exchange creates a solid association among the fates and business esteems (New York University, n.d.). Breaking point of exchange is critical for social portrayals of anomalies and more extensive update of advantage valuation. Breaking point of future exchange is a bit of money intend to explain differences dependent on investors’ passionate preferences. Arbitrageurs can confront the accompanying value restrictions: Fundamental and non-central dangers Short-selling costs Leverage and edge requirements Constraints on value capital Thus, the above explanation 2 is genuine for example there are some chara cterized impediments in future exchange in valuing future agreements (Gromb and Vayanos, 2010). Articulation 3 â€Å"A trade agreement can make a success/win circumstance for two trade players in addition to the money related mediator organizing the swap† The loan cost trade is a subsidiary to exchange financing cost for achieving lesser getting rates. Trade players can change financing cost from static to skimming and the other way around. Trading is useful when one player wants to get a sum with a drifting financing cost while other player wants forestalling future dangers by getting a static loan fee in its place. In trading, the two players have their own supremacies and wants, in this way it (trading) can make win/win circumstance for them... This exposition expresses that as of late, the world has changed over into a questionable spot for budgetary associations. Variances in financing costs have broadened, and securities exchanges are going through developing unusualness. As a result of these varieties, the monetary associations have happened to be increasingly restless about limiting the dangers. As the interest for hazard decrease strategies has extended, it has produced inventive money related apparatuses named monetary subsidiaries. These apparatuses are exceptionally advantageous in limiting the dangers and help money related associations to fence. Supporting is a strategy which is utilized by budgetary associations to balance the standard dangers of value varieties. It is considered as significant hazard overseeing instrument for portfolio supervisors, bank administrators and corporate bookkeepers. In any subordinate agreement, the dealer goes to a consent to give resource at a specific period in future and buyer f avors to pay fixed an incentive for that benefit. One can fabricate a perfect exchange if the future agreement is mispriced. Greater part of future agreements are evaluated by exchange. In subsidiary agreement, associations need to pick speculations which can give great return evaluated value measures. It is additionally named as theory. Hypothesis is a system utilized in fund for making sure about benefit from more dangerous speculations, yet it doesn't guarantee security on venture or chief sum. Examiners utilize a few ways to deal with settle on a choice preceding getting extra dangers through venture.

How to Write a Killer College Essay - A Simple Method

How to Write a Killer College Essay - A Simple MethodIf you are wondering how to write a killer college essay, then this article is for you. This is actually not very difficult if you have the right knowledge and tips. It is simply about showing the reader what the best part of your topic is and what will be useful for them when they are in college.In order to give it that quality that will turn people into instant readers, you have to be able to know what people are looking for in a piece of writing. You can use this information to write a killer college essay.Look at a lot of different types of essay before you choose one. Do not be afraid to look at essay samples that other people have written as well. You should do this as this can be a great help when trying to learn how to write a killer college essay.When you are choosing your subject matter, look at how people look at your topic. If you are writing a test question, then you should look for the answers in a test so that you ca n see what will make them look at your piece. This will show you what they need to see in order to read your piece.Find out the key parts of your topic. These are the things that you want to focus on. Be sure to break down the key points of the essay and build your paper around these parts. Try to make it easier to read by using bullet points.You want to remember that you are not going to be able to present your own opinion here, but you are going to need to present facts. Try to focus on the aspects of your topic that people will need to focus on. Just try to put a little bit of you opinion in there. Make sure that your sentences are flowing. This is very important because a good writer will make sure that they know the structure of the sentence so that it flows. They also have to write fast so that they can get the topic done in time.Writing is about being able to keep up with what people are looking for and to show them exactly what they need to see when they are in college. Writ ing a killer college essay is not hard, just be patient.

Colonel Gregory Pappy Boyington

Frances Perkins - 1007 Words

Frances (Fannie) Perkins was an amazing person that represented a strong image for the female race. She was the first female cabinet member in the United States. Frances Perkins was the most influential person in American history because if she hadn’t been the first U.S. female cabinet member, females may not have a role in the U.S. government. In the 1840’s, the Perkins’ family worked in the brick-making factory, and they were wealthy for a short period of time. Many businesses collapsed and were bought out, so the wealth didn’t last long. In 1870, the Perkins’ turned to dairy farming to get their money. Shortly after, Frances’ father, Frederick married a woman by the name of Susan Bean. On April 10th, 1880 in Boston, Massachusetts†¦show more content†¦He had a mental illness, now known as bipolar disease, and Frances ended up caring for him. Frances now had to work very hard and maintain a job, not only for her and Paul, but for Suzanna. Frances helped her friend Al Smith win the governorship of New York. Karenna Schiff says â€Å"the name Frances Perkins is inextricably linked to that of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, but Al Smith, not F.D.R., is the man most responsible for launching her career†. When F.D.R. was president, Perkins recalled him saying â€Å"practically all the things we’ve done in the Federal Government are like things Al Smith did as Governor of New York.† Al Smith was the one who encouraged Frances to become a Democrat. All of Frances’ family was Republican when she was younger, and Al got her to ally with Democrats even though she was considered independent. The Rome Copper Workers’ Strike of 1919 was a huge part of Frances’ career. The Italian copper workers were not being paid enough money for the jobs they were doing. At the time, fancy new things were coming out like automobiles and new houses. The copper workers knew they were being treated unfairly and went on strike. They wanted a higher pay rate, and they wanted an 8 hour work day. Their boss was mentally ill and he would throw the workers down stairs and shoot guns at them. The mayor of the area wanted the governor to come to send state police, but they sent FrancesShow MoreRelatedFrances Perkins : An Era2269 Words   |  10 PagesI. Frances Perkins, originally named Fannie Coralie Perkins was born in Boston Massachusetts on April 10, 1880. Raised in Worcester, MA, Perkins and her family lived in boarding houses until her father was able to establish his stationary business and moved the family into a middle-class neighborhood. Perkins grew up in a conservative era where women were meant to be prudent and secluded from politics, education, and jobs typically for men (Downey, 2009). She was part of an era where her socialRead MoreFrances Perkins and the Great Depression1724 Words   |  7 PagesPart A-Plan of the Investigation To what extent is Frances Perkins responsible for and involved in the economic and social policies during The Great Depression? Frances Perkins role in government through pre and post great depression is not as widely recognized as some her fellow cabinet members who also pushed the New Deal. The details of who was the driving force behind the New Deal have been skewed over the years. How did Frances Perkins influence the economic and social policies of the GreatRead MoreThe Woman Behind the New Deal813 Words   |  3 Pages The first half of Kirstin Downeys book, The Woman Behind the New Deal chronologically explores the Frances Perkins life up until her early years as the Secretary of Labor under President Roosevelt. She was not only a vital labor advocate but a womans suffrage leader. Her up-bringing, education, influences, alliances, work history, and the changing world around her shaped her into an extraordinary person. She is an outstanding example of the â€Å"New Womenà ¢â‚¬  in the progressive era. She lived her lifeRead MoreTriangle: The Fire That Changed America Essay1282 Words   |  6 Pagesorganized a rally at the Metropolitan Opera House to demand action in fire safety. Such objectives had to be accomplished through City Hall and the State House in Albany. A key person in the effort to bring that about, Von Drehle shows, was Frances Perkins, Secretary of the Consumers League. He had witnessed the fire from across Washington Square. Her organization used consumer-buying power as an instrument to pressure employers into respecting the physical and social needs of their employees. SheRead MoreEssay The Early 20th Century Labor Movement1104 Words   |  5 Pages213). The commission had a small set of cities it investigated, but was later expanded throughout the state of New York (Von Drehle, 214). The commission was the product of Wagner and Smith, the so-called â€Å"Tammany Twins†, and also brought in Frances Perkins, who would later become the Secretary of Labor under FDR (Von Drehle, 214). While the Factory Investigating Commission would continue on to insure safer labor practices in the state of New York at an extremely fast pace, the tri al against TriangleRead MoreThe Tragedy Of The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire1773 Words   |  8 PagesFrances Perkins 1. Identify your individual and BRIEFLY summarize their background (one paragraph, at most). Frances Perkins came from a wealthy family in Maine. From her mother, she inherited the propensity to be stingy with money, earnest, and brutally honest. In 1902, she attended Mount Holyoke College, where she used her glibness to barely get by. Instead of focusing on improving her strengths, Frances’ professors sought to improve her weaknesses; Especially her moral ones. This wasRead MoreEssay on The Realistic Objectives of Henry VIIs Foreign Policy1280 Words   |  6 Pagesthe foreign powers surrounding him and worked on his foreign policy. When Irish nobles supported Perkin Warbeck as the Duke of York in 1491, Henry became even more worried. He was seeing a repeat of what had happened four years previously and, even though he had defeated Lambert Simnel, he could not be so confident that he would manage it again. The fact that Perkin Warbeck gained the support of James IV, Charles VIII and Maximilian Habsburg was what worried Henry theRead MoreThe Challenges to Henry VII Security Between 1487 and the end of 14991466 Words   |  6 Pages Elizabeth Woodville and the Marques of Dorset under house arrest. The fact that nobody believed they were involved gave Henry bad press as being paranoid and this was an unsuccessful manoeuvre. The rebellion of Perkin Warbeck lasted from 1491 to 1499. Perkin Warbeck, a merchant in Cork was believed to have looked like the Earl of Warwick. After denying this people presumed that he must be Richard Duke of York, the younger of Edward VI’s sons. Warbeck soon became a focalRead MoreLambert Simnel as a Greater Threat to the Security of Henry VII than Perkin Warbec1243 Words   |  5 PagesLambert Simnel as a Greater Threat to the Security of Henry VII than Perkin Warbec After Bosworth, Henrys most immediate and perhaps greatest problem was ensuring that he kept the crown. from Henry VII by R. Turvey and C. Steinsberg. This was very true, as throughout Henrys reign he faced many threats because as King he wasnt established and therefore vulnerable to challenge. Also there were still Yorkists in power who wanted to claim the throne back from the usurperRead MoreConfessions Of An Economic Hitman Essay2564 Words   |  11 PagesChrist-Arnaud Lacombe Marion Mayer Ulrik Karlsen Contents Introduction 2 Reflection on John Perkins’ Sincerity 3 What Do the Voices From Below Show? 5 How Can Institutions Transform and End Malicious Practices? 6 How to Increase Awareness in Society? 8 Conclusive Thoughts about the Book 9 References 9 Introduction â€Å"Confessions of an Economic Hitman† by John Perkins, tells a story about his experience as an economic hitman at MAIN, with the goal to mislead and manipulate

Discussion And Conclusion On Education - 893 Words

Discussion and Conclusion From the shared experience of participants, I got the notion that if it was parents’ will to let not their children in school, they would willingly be happy to let them home without education. The challenge is that apart from poverty, parents do not see the value of education. The high cost of education, poverty, and lack of employment after graduation force parents to make claims and false decisions on the fate of education for their children. This view of education forces me to insist what I stated previously in this dissertation a holistic mode of education have to empower graduates to live and manage their life whether they have employment or not. This lack of motivation and value of education among parents make me think is the reason for parents in rural areas reluctant to demand a better education for their children. I realized there is a problem, but they see it as a normal part of life. Hence, parents try whatever means they can, even if it is cheating to keep their children out of school. Parents and children need to visualize themselves the value of education, and seek it. Making it a law for each child, doesn’t help. It reminded me what I saw, when I was on my way from Musoma to Serengeti. I saw students from one of the schools carrying heavy loads of white bags on their heads in groups walking to school. It was class time. Each morning where I stayed, I could see children with buckets of water on their heads, fire woods, hoes,Show MoreRelatedSexuality And Its Effect On Adolescent Life1601 Words   |  7 Pagesunwanted pregnancy (3). Therefore a comprehensive collaboration through sexuality education program in school and parent’s role in the family are essential to ensure young adolescent get enough and appropriate information to help them making a sound decision in the future. B. Critical Appraisal 1. Relevancy †¢ This study about parent’s attitudes, values, concern, motivations and aspiration about sexuality education is quite important especially in the era of social media, peer information and technologyRead MoreEducation Is The Fundamental Beginning That Shapes An Individual For The Rest Of Their Lives1469 Words   |  6 PagesPhilosophy of Education Tyler Kennedy Education is the fundamental beginning that shapes an individual for the rest of their lives. Without a proper education (one that gives place to a vast variety of content) one will not be equipped with the necessary knowledge to live an abundant life. It is because of this, that education should not be taken lightly. It is something that must be wholeheartedly pursued and genuinely sought after. But education itself, is a two-way avenue. A willing and eagerRead MoreImplications for Today’s Online Educators Essay1339 Words   |  6 Pagesvarious factors include variables of interest that pertain to particular successes and barriers in which web-based instructors have encountered. For purposes of this research, online and web-based instruction (instructors) will refer only to higher education environments provided through universities and colleges. The underlying problem presented in this research concerns the need to implement research that describes the â€Å"relevance, effectiveness, restrictive and facilitative dimensions of online courses†Read MorePatient Education Sessions Influences Levels Of Satisfaction862 Words   |  4 Pageshelp them deal with the treatment. Education sessions and preparation that cancer patients get prior to radiation treatment or CT simulation may influence their satisfaction. In this study, authors seek to explore whether the timing of patient education sessions influences levels of satisfaction in women treated for breast cancer. - The author’s purpose, approach or methods, hypothesis, and major conclusions. Purpose: To explore whether the timing of patient education sessions influences levels of satisfactionRead MoreDiscussion Based Learning Over Lecture Based Classes851 Words   |  4 Pagesuniversally known. When I discussed the advantages of discussion-based learning over lecture-based classes, this conflict had already been resolved. After discussing this problem with my professor, I looked for the argument within my original argument. I recognized that the portion of my paper about the financial issues with higher education had merit as a paper by itself. So, I began to look at an argument, using the previously-known information that discussion-based classes are more effective than lecture-basedRead MoreSexual Education Is An Invaluable Part Of The Public School Curriculum1196 Words   |  5 Pagesbe left astray. That is, of course, if there was not a secondary source available full of the same wisdom a parent could provide. In particular, when it comes to sexual education, there are many adverse effects that could arise should that child never be given the thorough discussion that the topic surely needs. Sexual education is an invaluable part of the public school curriculum. I know this not only from my personal experience as a teen but also from the research confirming it’s positive effectsRead MoreDiabetes Education Plan1587 Words   |  7 Pagesnecessary the inclusion of oral hypoglycemic agents (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare [AIHW], 2008). Therefore, the aim of the education plan is to assist the client to make educated lifestyle choices and changes that will improve health outcomes and reduce the risk of diabetic complications. The education plan will develop evidence-based client education strategies that focus on diabetes management and the modification of unhealthy lifestyle behaviours. According to Funnell, Anderson, AustinRead MoreIs Scholarships Not Necessary Of A Positive Motivator?878 Words   |  4 Pagesclass readings/d iscussions in the written component From the class reading and discussions, I found that the ministry of education does not always respect the rights of educators, teachers and schools. For example, there are some high schools in Toronto do not offer full courses and therefore, the students in that schools are not qualified to go to universities. Some schools are regulated, but as soon as schools are regulated, they complicating the society. There was a discussion that scholarshipsRead MoreKohlberg s Theory Of Moral Development1684 Words   |  7 PagesIn American education, teachers are focused on the intellectual growth of students. However, as educators, teachers not only have the opportunity to grow students intellectually, but also more holistically. One crucial area of a student’s life that is impacted by education is their morality. This paper will explore Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, which addresses the idea of a person s progression of morality. It will first examine the concept of the theory and its founder. It will then followRead MoreThe Theory Of The Philosophy Of Education Essay1538 Words   |  7 PagesPhilosophy Emily E. Blackwell Athens State University Abstract Idealism, thought to be the creation of Greek philosopher, Plato, is the approach that teachers use to get students to ask and answer questions in order to reach the next level of education. The teacher will typically use a variety of inquiry based learning tactics. This school of thought is used to develop each students’ individual abilities and moral character. The idealist feels that with the development of moral character in addition

Critical Evaluation of Airway Complication †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Critical Evaluation of Airway Complication. Answer: Introduction: One of the greatest complications that arise in the post operative patients residing in the coronary Care Unit is related to respiratory distress and Airway blockage. These postoperative complications include laryngospasm aspiration and hypoxemia, and these complications are very common after any bypass graft surgery. 1 mechanism to avoid patients at wearing these complications in a post operative stage is performing endotracheal intubation which is one of the most abundantly utilised intervention techniques for management of airway complication in postoperative cardiac patients (Villafranca et al., 2013). However, as beneficial as intubation methods are for reviving the postoperative cardiac patients struggling with airway complication, variety of different risks are associated with the extubation procedure. The clinical decision to perform extubation is based on the reading readiness test performed on the bed sheet that involves spontaneous breathing on 80 piece or low levels of ventilator reassessed. Naturally this procedure is associated with a lot of risk and failure in distribution mechanism is also very common affecting 10 to 20% of the cardiac patient popularity. However, it has to be mentioned that mortality rates associated with extubation failure in post- op patients is 20 to 25% which is relatively high. Different studies suggest that adhering to a step-by-step standardized protocol before carrying out the extubation is known to help reduce the rate of extirpation failure and increases the recovery chances of the patient reduces the rate of extirpation failure and increases the recovery chances of the patients drastically (Villafranca et al., 2013). This assignment will focus on exploring the extubation criteria and associated interventions performed in ICU patients suffering with Airway clearance and attempts to determine whether it adheres to the best practice procedures or not taking the help of critically evaluate in relevant and authentic article published on this issue Critical evaluation: In case of any complications the most important intervention to be performed is Airway patency, and tracheal intubation serves that purpose. However after the purpose is served the removal of the tracheal tube is extremely necessity and this is the process of extubation. However the estimation procedure can sometimes result in mobility and mortality, one of the most frequent complications that are associated with the process of airway complication management by tracheal tubes, is the unplanned extubation (Anderson et al., 2011). In most cases specifically in the critical care units or coronary care unit at the patients the severity of the complication is escalated than the normal cases, unplanned extubation followed by re- intubation procedure is a necessary intervention. However, there are few literature that emphasizes on the challenges associated with exhibitions and the criteria based on which extubation intervention is carried out. It has to be understood that extirpation is a m eticulous and highly risky procedure which can result in severe consequences if the protocol is not followed step by step. Hence the importance of standardizing the criteria based on which extubation will be carried out is extremely important for the safety and reducing the morbidity associated with this procedure. The purpose of this assignment is to evaluate the literature available on the Internet and explore how efficient these literature articles are in defining the criterion for extubation and how helpful excavation methods are in airway complication management. First and foremost, the extubation procedure and its risks should be taken into account, and the article Difficult Airway Society Guidelines for the management of tracheal extubation by Mitchel and coauthors, the information regarding extubation is hazardous and how extirpation management can help in treating critical patients is explained excellently (Mitchell et al., 2012). Problems related with extubation are the challenges that airway reflexes pose. For instance exaggerated laryngeal reflexes is the most contributing factor for extubation complications. Along with that reduced airway reflection and dysfunctional reflexes are also few instances that complicate the intubation and extubation procedure for a critical patient. another very important complication that can arise after incubation on extubation procedure is airway injury. It has to be mentioned in this context that these periglottic trauma are resultant from any transoesophageal echocardiography probes or nasogastric tub es being inserted during the entire procedure. And these complications not only make the procedure of insertion and extraction of tracheal tube extremely meticulous but also reduce the recovery chances of the patients and increase the hospital stay statistics exponentially. Apart from the clinical manifestations of the tracheal intubation and extubation intervention, there are some management flaws that result in complicating the intubation procedure and demanding unplanned extubation as well. This article explains the severe lack of compelling general principles available for the extirpation strategies that would fit all patients. According to the authors extubation is considered to be an electric process which makes the planning and execution part very important. The purpose of extubation management is to ensure that the patients lungs receive an interrupted flow of oxygen. 1 highly appreciated context of this particular article is that it has very helpful provided a detailed acce leration and explanation of b a s activation guidelines. It has to be understood that this particular Framework provides 4 step action plan for the execution of the activation procedure. In the first step the extubation is plant followed by the steps two where the peri- operative preparations for extubation is carried out. In the steps three extubation is performed in real time and in the steps four a thorough and extensive post extubation care is planned and carried out for the patient. As explained by the authors of this article 20 step by step actions questions each and every action before it is performed, hence this particular guideline is extremely precise and to the point if for exhibition procedures to be carried out in critical conditions. For instance in the step 1, presence of general and special airway risk factors is questioned meticulously, before carrying out the activation procedure in itself. Along with that during and post extubation care and management techniques a re extensively explained in this particular article as well with answers the main question that this assignment represents. However we must not ignore that this article is based on a specific clinical framework and does incorporate only theories lacking any practical observations which significantly reduces the relatability of the article. A different viewpoint is provided by the article Unplanned extubation in the ICU: a marker of quality assurance of mechanical ventilation , Where extubation procedure is viewed as a unnecessary complications and which can be seen as a significant and visible quality marker for the winning care that the patients receive in intensive care unit (Peuelas, Frutos-Vivar Esteban, 2011). The authors argue that the main criteria for carrying out unplanned extubation is the complications that arise with previous intubation procedure. And a better every complication management technique will be ensuring that the initial intubation procedure is flawless and it does not require emergency unplanned extubation process to be carried out on the patients which has severe risk of complicating the condition of the patient further. The authors further argue that in order to reduce the need for unplanned exhibition, understanding all the associated factors of extubation is extremely important. The office describe that along with the clinical implications, the floors in the Healthcare staff like nursing workforce burnout, lack of a detailed and standardized protocol, lacking use of protective Gear on the patience to secure the tracheal tube, even minor mis- placements are significant contribution factors behind the need or criteria of extirpation to be carried out (Peuelas, Frutos-Vivar Esteban, 2011). The authors propose that strategies for reducing these flaws like detecting short displacement, using safety gears on the patient, etc can reduce the need for extubation exponentially. All the while, critically evaluating the relevance of this article in this assignment, that despite providing a novel viewpoint to the study, it must not escape noticed that this article only emphasizes on strategies that can identify the disc for activation and eliminate that altogether, while notpaying any attention show how the complications associated with extubation can be managed with adequate in terventions. Another article under evaluation here is by Nolan and Kelly, emphasizing on the broad Topic of airway complication management (Nolan Kelly, 2011). The article discusses the incidences of difficult intubation and complications and providing possible intervention strategies that can successfully manage those complications. For instance this article discusses use of capnography, tracheostomy, anaesthesia induction for critically ill patients, and the challenges associated with these strategies are discussed in detail. Now one of the solutions discussed in the article to overcome the challenges that application brings forth in the ICU, intubation bundle is discussed significantly (Liu et al., 2010). According to this article intubation reduces the application by 21 to 34 %, however the discs on complications associated with field intubation procedure resulting in unplanned extubation is also considered as one of the most influential confounding factors in this intervention strategy. How ever the author suggest that at heading to a particular standardized Framework protocol can significantly reduce the flaws in the intubation procedure and in turn eliminate the need for unplanned extubation all together. Among the other Airway management techniques that are utilized in such scenarios, the authors describe a successful captain atrophy after intubation to verify proper ventilation to be the most effective one. Authors discuss that category is the most reliable and relevant method of intervention to confirm tracheal tube positioning and eliminate the risk of unplanned extubation. Cricothyroidotomy is another intervention that the authors suggest to be useful in airway management, along with managing human factors by training and skill improvement procedures (Maggiore et al., 2014). The article Unplanned Endotracheal Extubations in the Intensive Care Unit: Systematic Review, Critical Appraisal, and Evidence-Based Recommendations by Da Silva unplanned extubation and its consequences in detail as well (da Silva Fonseca, 2012). This article it is a systematic review conducted on the rate of unplanned Expectations and the need for preventative strategies in the Airway management techniques to avoid and plant exhibition. Authors performed extensive and critical research from the database is like MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS etc. The main where did that the systematic review provides is that the existing literature only emphasizes on the occurrences of unplanned x 2 patients and the computing factors that lead to add how that where there is a significant lack of research studies that focus on preventative strategies and reccomendation. Critical observation: According to the article The Decision to Extubate in the Intensive Care Unit, the emphasis of the authors is on the decision to activate in the ICU (Thille et al., 2013). It has to be mentioned in this context that this article co-aligned perfectly with the question been asked in the assignments and their house recognition for providing such relevant and transferable data. In my own professionl experience I have observed that the most important factor regarding unplanned extubations are associated with not identifying the exact need of the patient, and in most cases the patient the patient worsen more after the extubation and intubation. It has to be understood, the major questions being asked in the assignment apart from proper and improvised Airway management techniques, is the criteria based on which exhibition procedures are carried. From my professional experience , the lack of a proper demarketed guideline standardizing both intubation procedure and weaning test interpretation is a major concern. The authors here suggest that extubation failures and complications that arise for extubation are mainly concerned with the inability of the health care staff to purchase the results of the winning readiness test properly. The authors rightfully propose that understanding the pathophysiology of the winning test are extremely essential as it takes place in instrumental role in the discussion for excavation which can possibly result in further complications for the patient is carried out imperfectly or without a proper need. Agreeing with previous studies discussed in this assignment the authors of the study also suggest that most of the extubation procedures are in fact and plan activation and result in need for reintubation. The author suggest that strategies should be identified planned and executed for both extubation management and weaning readiness test management, so that you better clinical decision making can be facilitated (Thille et al., 2013). The authors here propose an international consensus panel that has instructed meaning readiness test for extirpation to be performed only with the patients fulfills the following criteria, resolution for the primary reason for intubation, cardiovascular stability and close to no need of vasopressors, no need for continuous sedation, and continuous oxygenation (Thille et al., 2013). Hence this can be considered as the standardized protocol on criteria based on which winning readiness test and following extubation should be performed to confirm the absolute needed the patient for excavation and avoid associated with extubation and Reintubation. Help it can be concluded that this particular article has provided the answer to the first part of the question asked in the assignment perfectly and the criteria mentioned in the article can be considered the best best possible solution to the conundrum of unplanned extubation (White, 2014). Conclusion: Hence on a concluding note, it can be stated that extubation is an undoubtedly necessary procedure, however unplanned extubation is not the best practice for proper airway management to be carried out. Instead care should be taken to avoid unnecessary unplanned extubation when it follows a reintubation further complicating the condition of the patient. In such cases two best practice interventions should e adhering to the DAS extubation guideline and the criteria selected before carrying out a weaning test. And it can be hoped that adhering to these two standard protocols can effectively reduce the co morbidities associated with unplanned extubation failures significantly. References: Anderson, C. D., Bartscher, J. F., Scripko, P. D., Biffi, A., Chase, D., Guanci, M., Greer, D. M. (2011). Neurologic examination and extubation outcome in the neurocritical care unit.Neurocritical care,15(3), 490-497. Brotfain, E., Zlotnik, A., Schwartz, A., Frenkel, A., Koyfman, L., Gruenbaum, S. E., Klein, M. (2014). Comparison of the effectiveness of high flow nasal oxygen cannula vs. standard non-rebreather oxygen face mask in post-extubation intensive care unit patients.The Israel Medical Association journal: IMAJ,16(11), 718-722. da Silva, P. S. L., Fonseca, M. C. M. (2012). Unplanned endotracheal extubations in the intensive care unit: systematic review, critical appraisal, and evidence-based recommendations.Anesthesia Analgesia,114(5), 1003-1014. Devor, R., Wellnitz, C., Kang, P., Siddiqui, M., Nigro, J., Velez, D., Willis, B. (2016). 216: PULMONARY DEAD SPACE FRACTION AND EXTUBATION SUCCESS IN CHILDREN AFTER CARDIAC SURGERY.Critical Care Medicine,44(12), 131. Iyer, N. P., Dickson, J., Ruiz, M. E., Chatburn, R., Beck, J., Sinderby, C., Rodriguez, R. J. (2017). Neural Breathing Pattern in Newborn Infants Pre and Post?Extubation.Acta Paediatrica. Jung, B., Moury, P. H., Mahul, M., de Jong, A., Galia, F., Prades, A., ... Jaber, S. (2016). Diaphragmatic dysfunction in patients with ICU-acquired weakness and its impact on extubation failure.Intensive care medicine,42(5), 853-861. Liu, Y., Wei, L. Q., Li, G. Q., Lv, F. Y., Wang, H., Zhang, Y. H., Cao, W. L. (2010). A decision-tree model for predicting extubation outcome in elderly patients after a successful spontaneous breathing trial.Anesthesia Analgesia,111(5), 1211-1218. Lu, C. H., Wu, Z. F., Lin, B. F., Lee, M. S., Lin, C., Huang, Y. S., Huang, Y. H. (2016). Faster extubation time with more stable hemodynamics during extubation and shorter total surgical suite time after propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia compared with desflurane anesthesia in lengthy lumbar spine surgery.Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine,24(2), 268-274. Maggiore, S. M., Idone, F. A., Vaschetto, R., Festa, R., Cataldo, A., Antonicelli, F., ... Antonelli, M. (2014). Nasal high-flow versus Venturi mask oxygen therapy after extubation. Effects on oxygenation, comfort, and clinical outcome.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine,190(3), 282-288. Mitchell, V., Dravid, R., Patel, A., Swampillai, C., Higgs, A. (2012). Difficult Airway Society Guidelines for the management of tracheal extubation.Anaesthesia,67(3), 318-340. Nolan, J. P., Kelly, F. E. (2011). Airway challenges in critical care.Anaesthesia,66(s2), 81-92. Peuelas, ., Frutos-Vivar, F., Esteban, A. (2011). Unplanned extubation in the ICU: a marker of quality assurance of mechanical ventilation.Critical Care,15(2), 128. Rittayamai, N., Tscheikuna, J., Rujiwit, P. (2014). High-flow nasal cannula versus conventional oxygen therapy after endotracheal extubation: a randomized crossover physiologic study.Respiratory care,59(4), 485-490. Thille, A. W., Harrois, A., Schortgen, F., Brun-Buisson, C., Brochard, L. (2011). Outcomes of extubation failure in medical intensive care unit patients.Critical care medicine,39(12), 2612-2618. Thille, A. W., Richard, J. C. M., Brochard, L. (2013). The decision to extubate in the intensive care unit.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine,187(12), 1294-1302. Villafranca, A., Thomson, I. A., Grocott, H. P., Avidan, M. S., Kahn, S., Jacobsohn, E. (2013). The impact of bispectral index versus end-tidal anesthetic concentration-guided anesthesia on time to tracheal extubation in fast-track cardiac surgery.Anesthesia Analgesia,116(3), 541-548. White, K. (2014). Extubation Readiness in the Pediatric Population.CHEST Journal,146(4_MeetingAbstracts), 539A-539A.

How Stalin Used the Four techniques of a Dictator Essay Example

How Stalin Used the Four techniques of a Dictator Essay How Stalin Used the Four Techniques of a Dictator A dictatorship is a system of government where the power is centralized.There are four techniques dictators use to be successful; indoctrination, controlled participation, scapegoating and force.Using these four techniques, dictators can achieve their goals. The purpose of indoctrination is to create a like minded society that believes in the governments policies.When Stalin was the dictator of the Soviet Union, he used indoctrination in the area of religion.He strongly discouraged religion and closed down nearly 40,000 Christian churches and 25,000 mosques.Church leaders were arrested and imprisoned.People who avoided getting arrested were forbidden to organize any religious activity in public.Stalin wanted everyone to believe in Atheism, so the Communist Party set up a League of Militant Atheists whose job it was to turn people away from their religious beliefs.They burnt religious icons, set up anti-religious museums and organized anti-religious propaganda campaigns. The League of Militant Atheists had over 5.5 million members, thus creating a lot of people who thought the same way about religion. Stalin also used indoctrination in the area of culture.All artists, writers, painters, composers, were kept on a strict watch by the Communist Party to make sure that they all supported the Party and the government.To be a writer in the Soviet Union, you had to join the Union of Soviet Writers.If you were a member of this organization, your writing had to follow a policy ofsocialist realism.This meant that all writing including novels, filmscripts, poems, plays and journalism had to deal with the lives of ordinary working people and show the advancement of Communism.The same applied to all other creative artists.If you didnt conform, you would be sent to labor camps.Therefore, Soviet people were able to read only books that suppo

dinner at homesick restaurant essays

dinner at homesick restaurant essays The novel Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant is one of Tylers more complex because it involves not only the growth of the mother, Pearl Tull, but each of her children as well. Pearl must except her faults in raising her children, and her children must all face their own loneliness, jealousy, or imperfection. It is in doing this that they find connections to their family. They find growth through suffering. Cody Tull, the oldest child and the one most damaged by the failure of his parents marriage he becomes an aggressive, quarrelsome efficiency expert.(Voelker 126) He feels that it his fault that Beck, the father, left. Especially when they bring up the arrow incident. Cody never really feels like a family as he expresses: You think were a family...when in particles, torn apart, torn all over the place?(Tyler 294). He never recovers from his father leaving. The optimism of Ezra is never noticed by the family. He never let his past affect his life and very little bothered him. The family does not notice his optimism because Cody resented it, Jenny ignored it and Pearl misunderstood it. His optimism is shown when Cody is reflecting on their childhood, about how bad it was and how their mother was a shrieking witch. Ezra responds, She wasnt always angry. Really she was angry very seldom, only a few times widely spaced, that happened to stick in your mind(Tyler 295). Even though Ezra felt his childhood was not that unhappy, he never feel his family is a whole because of Codys jealousy, Jennys isolation and Pearls confusion. Ezra creates and manages a restaurant that corrects the excessive closeness of his family with an atmosphere that consoles the customer while making no demands.(Volker 126) This was his idealistic home. Jenny, the youngest, becomes a pediatrician, a professional mother, who can avoid stifling emoti...

An audit of anaemia in haemodialysis patients Essay

An audit of anaemia in haemodialysis patients - Essay Example According to the NICE guidelines, published by the Royal College of Physicians, "Conventionally anaemia is defined as a haemoglobin concentration lower than[normal as defined by WHO]. This cut-off figure ranges from 11 grams per decilitre (g/dl) for pregnant women and for children between 6 months and 5 years of age, to 12 g/dl for non-pregnant women, and to 13 g/dl for men."1 "In 2002, Hsu et. al. analyzed data from the Third National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES III) (n=15,837) and found low iron indices to be frequently present at all levels of reduced creatinine clearance (CrCl)."2 Additionally, "[m]ore than 50% of CKD patients with an[a]emia were iron deficient, as indicated by serum ferritin 13 g/dl, but that there was no evidence either way for intermediate levels (11.5-13 g/dl) in comparison with higher or lower levels."5 One may wonder if particular medications can cause someone to become anaemic. "Some patients react to drugs because of inherited susceptibility, such as patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency. G-6-PD is an important enzyme that buffers the mature red cell against oxidative stress. In individuals who are deficient in

Components of a business plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Components of a business plan - Essay Example As a result, companies can find easier alternatives to satisfy the customer needs. Consumers are motivated by this extra service that the company provides to them increasing their trust with the manufacturer. Over the past few decades, there has been an increased desire for organizations to have personal interactions with customers. Major organizations find ways to reach out to the client in delivery form. American Delivery Department provides them with the opportunity to fulfill their objectives. ADD, will deliver those company products which cannot make it up to their clients. This market gap has initiated the formation of the ADD Company. Due to many customers that are served by the similar institutions, they cannot reach them in person and will have to hire other firms such as ADD on their behalf. Furthermore, companies nowadays are in the need to find customer response concerning their products so that they can evaluate where to improve their production, a desire that ADD will offer as an extra sales services to the respective organizations. Due to the serious nature of the industry to proffer such services, ADD organization has a market opportunity that will ensure productivity. The population is increasing by the day those results in increased customers to many companies. Due to problems of reaching all the customers, ADD will be hired by most organizations to oversee the service delivery. Our costs are relatively small that will attract major customers for our services. American Delivery Department, therefore, has already market that will increase its sales leading to high revenues. Though, competition is stiff in the industry, the organization majorly targets average and small organizations that market leaders are not concerned about. The company will be assured henceforth to make an impact on the market and become a force to other rival

Change in Pressure and Different Depths in a Static Fluid Lab Essay Example for Free

Change in Pressure and Different Depths in a Static Fluid Lab Essay Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to devise a correlation between that of the data we have collected from our experiment and compare it to that of theory. In this experiment 3 different tests were done in order to test this theory. The first test was to tie a balloon on the end of a manometer and measure the pressure at different depths in a large beaker filled with water. The next test was the same thing, but without the balloon on the end of the manometer. For the final test a pressure gauge was used to measure the pressure at different depths in the water. The data collected from each experiment was the depth of the object and its deflection. To find out the theoretical pressure for the experiment this equation will be used: ∆P=ÃŽ ³H2Oà ·Depth The theoretical results will then be compared to the measured results, determining the correlation between both sets of data in order to prove whether or not this experiment is capable of proving the theory. Procedure: 1) Fill the cylinder with water and adjust the manometer to read zero. 2) For first test tie a balloon to the end of the tube that gives the manometer reading, and fill it with air. 3)Immerse the balloon in the water and measure the deflection at each specific depth (Try to get as close as you can to: 11, 9, 7, 5, 3, and 0 inches). 4)When finished with the first test remove the balloon and proceed to second test. 5) For the second test immerse the (balloon free) manometer tube in water, also measuring each specific depth and deflection. 6) For the third test instead of measuring with the manometer use a pressure gauge to measure your deflection (make sure you set the gauge to zero before testing). Calculations: Test #1 Example Depth: 3.5 inches Deflection: 1.7 inches P. Theory: ÃŽ ³H2OÃâ€"3.512=18.2lbft2 P. Measured: 1.712Ãâ€"ÃŽ ³ManometerÃâ€"ÃŽ ³H2O=16.9lbft2 Test #2 Example Depth: 5 inches Deflection: 2.1 inches P. Theory: ÃŽ ³H2OÃâ€"512=26lbft2 P. Measured: 2.112Ãâ€"ÃŽ ³ManometerÃâ€"ÃŽ ³H2O=20.8lbft2 Test #3 Example Depth: 3 inches Deflection: 1.8 ozin2 P. Theory: ÃŽ ³H2OÃâ€"312=15.6lbft2 P. Measured: 1.812Ãâ€"ÃŽ ³Pressure GaugeÃâ€"ÃŽ ³H2O=17.9lbft2 ÃŽ ³H2O=62.4 lbft3 ÃŽ ³Manometer ÃŽ ³Pressure Gauge=1.91 lbft3 Analysis and Conclusion: Overall I think results of this experiment turned out fairly well. From looking at the graph I noticed that as we moved on to the second and third tests there seemed to be less and less error. In general I think that human error had a huge impact on this lab. If we could have done a few trials for each test I think that the outcome of our measured results would be a lot closer to those of the theoretical results. What we were attempting to do with this lab was take the theoretical results of our experiment and get them as close as we could to the measured results with little percent error in order to determine if this test was reliable. By comparing some of the results I can safely say that this test is valid. Some of the data comparisons are far off, but others are within 2 percent error and I know for a fact that better results can be acquired.

Review of Portrait of America :: essays research papers

Review of Portrait of America During the process of reading this compilation of works, Portrait of America, many different point of views were aired. The opinion or attitude on the subject was too tainted. The authors were very biased to their perception of the "story". This book could have been much more beneficial if the facts would have stayed to the straight and narrow. Only the detrimental facts needed to be applied to these chapters. For a history class, as broad as this, this book opened too many doors that could not be explained in as much detail as would be liked. Many of the authors enjoyed mentioning the most scandalous moments of the people's lives then dropped the fact without much support or follow through as to what happened to cause or end these events. Brief summaries only tease the mind, and with the course load of most students, there is hardly extra time to investigate the matter further in detail. For a class such as History 152, biographies and/or documentary style books are m ore worth the while of the student. For instance make a list of a selection of novels that could be read for the class, so that every student can then explore in depth what that student thinks is interesting. Although the book was teasing in nature the chapters did flow well and were easy to read. The procession of the chapters had wonderful transition as to not loose the student. While proceeding through this book there were several different reoccurring topics that appeared. This paper will discuss these two reoccurring topics: the civil rights movement and former presidents. The civil rights movement, by many people, is though to have happened during the 1950's and 1960's. The truth of the matter is that civil right has and always will be an ongoing issue for anyone who is not of color. The civil rights movement started when the black slave started arriving in America centuries ago. The civil rights movement is one of the most known about issues in American history. Everyone at some point in their life has studied this movement. This movement is particularly interesting due to the massive amounts of different stories and occurrences through the course of the movement. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was a vital figurehead to this movement. He inspired many people who had lived their whole lives in the shadow of fear of change.

Legalizing Marijuana Marc Dalcin

Legalizing Marijuana Marc Dalcin Dr. Marie Carroll Ashford Intro To Ethics And Social Responsibility 08/10/12 Marijuana has been at the center of a heated debate regarding its legalization. It has received both criticism and praise in equal measure. Critics refer to marijuana as a â€Å"devil weed† while supporters have often referred it to a â€Å"miracle drug. † Despite the different references to marijuana, there has been a prolonged debate on whether it should be legalized for personal use or not.There are two approaches to the use of marijuana with one involving medicinal purposes while the other involves purposes of pleasure. Medical health is an important aspect of human life and the legalization of marijuana for medicinal purposes has the importance of improving human health. In the case of using marijuana for pleasure, there is the issue of abuse of drugs, which often results in lawlessness among users. Legalizing marijuana presents an ethical dilemma in the se nse that it is difficult to ascertain the intentions of the users hence the drug may end up being used for the wrong reasons (Burnham, 2011).This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the ethical dilemma arising from the debate on legalizing marijuana and presents the use of deontological reasoning theory in solving the dilemma. The paper also includes a comparison between deontological reasoning and relativism with the eventual identification of the theory that best relates to the personal opinion with regards to the debate on legalizing marijuana. The question of legalizing marijuana Should the use personal use of marijuana be legalized? There are numerous uses associated with marijuana.AIDS and cancer patients find marijuana useful as a drug that restores appetite and fights nausea. Marijuana also has nutritional value because its seeds contain vitamins and can be used in preparing cooking oil (Rosenthal, Kubby & Newhart, 2003). Research studies also indicate that the mariju ana can be used in the manufacturing of clothes. The plant has been used in the manufacturing of paper and clothing material for a very long time and is considered produce higher amount of fibre compared to trees. Environmentalists have found the marijuana plant important in addressing the problem of deforestation and soil erosion.Marijuana is beneficial in the restoration of lost soil nutrients. To law enforcement agencies, marijuana is considered to play a major role in increasing the number of crime rates. A significant number of incarcerated criminals have at least used marijuana prior to their arrest. The above analysis on the use of marijuana and its impact clearly points out to the fact that one group will support the legalization of marijuana while the other will oppose such a move. However, the debate can be solved using two theories of deontological reasoning and relativism.Deontological Reasoning The theory of deontological reasoning proposes that actions are either corre ct or wrong in themselves without taking into account their consequences. The theory of deontological reasoning can be best explained with the use of an example of a murder case. In such a situation, a deontologist considers the act of murder as wrong based on the fact that it involves taking the life of another person. It is assumed that humans have the duty of preserving life hence one should never kill no matter the circumstances (Mizzoni, 2009).In a nutshell, this implies that the end does not justify the means. Generally, deontologists believe that human beings have the duty of upholding morality. People have the moral duty to do the right things and avoid doing things that are wrong. The consequences of an action are never considered in determining whether the action is right or wrong. An individual has to consider his or her moral duty in order to make moral decisions. In this case, the personal use of marijuana is considered right or wrong based on the moral duty of users ra ther than the consequence of the plant on its user.The theory of deontological reasoning is connected to three concepts including rights, duties and principles (Burnham, 2011). However, our discussion only focuses on duties in analyzing the debate on legalizing the personal use of marijuana. There is a brief discussion of the concept of rights with regards to the theory of deontological reasoning. If an individual has the right to life, other people have the duty of making sure that such a right is respected. This relates with the issue of legalizing the use of marijuana. From a doctor’s perspective, medical marijuana has medicinal value and can be used in preserving life through healing.In such a case, the government and law enforcement agencies have the duty of respecting the right to life by legalizing the use of marijuana in providing treatment (Gerber, 2004). Marijuana may also be used for a different purpose such as pleasure, which may eventually result in users going i nsane. In order to preserve the life of users, there is an urgent need to make it illegal for users to abuse marijuana. This is because it will reduce the number of cases related to drug abuse hence saving a significant number of the human population from getting insane or engaging in criminal activities.Insanity and criminal actions have may result in the loss of life. The theory of deontological behavior proposes two classes of duties. First, there are general duties, which are commonly identified as prohibitions. Examples of prohibitions include do not kill, do not steal, and assist the needy among other general duties. The second class of duties relate to duties arising from the fact that there exists specific social relationships. For instance, if an individual has made a promise, then he or she has the duty of keeping the promise.Additionally, if one is a parent, then he or she has the duty to provide for the children. In this case, legalizing the personal use of marijuana is considered under the class of general duties (Jebreal & Lukes, 2011). One argument is that marijuana should be prohibited because it involves abuse of substances. On the other hand, doctors with patients have the duty to provide them with treatment even if it involves the use of marijuana as a medicine. Aquinas notes that each person has duties related to personal actions. An individual has a duty to keep promises, but does not have the duty to ensure that promises are kept.According to the theory of deontology, people should be more concerned with fulfilling personal duties but never make attempts of bringing out the most good. This is because it may result in the violation of the concept of a duty. In this case, we only have the duty of meeting the needs of other people rather than maximize the good (Mizzoni, 2009). There are a number of actions that people may choose from but they are free to act as they please. Basically, this means that people have the option of using marijuana for whatever reasons regardless of its consequences. There are instances when duties conflict with each other.W. D. Ross notes that in such cases, one does not require rules in solving such a conflict. One is only required to use their judgment in arriving at a solution. However, there are cases whereby one lacks the criteria that can be used in making decisions (Mizzoni, 2009). Deontologists argue that identifying the intentions of actions can provide a solution. Ross argues that actions are determined to be wrong or right based on the intentions of the agent. Therefore, deontological reasoning justifies the legalization of marijuana on the basis that it is used to improve human health.The use of marijuana can only be considered illegal if users intend to harm others. Relativism According to the theory of relativism, an action is considered moral or immoral relative to the cultural norms of the agent. This means that an action is considered right or wrong based on the moral norms of the culture within which it is practiced. A particular action may be considered moral in one culture while immoral in another culture. Relativists are opposed to the use of universal moral standards in determining whether an action is right or wrong (Jebreal & Lukes, 2011).The United Kingdom may consider the use marijuana as morally wrong while Amsterdam considers it morally right. According to relativists, there is no standard framework to be used in resolving moral disputes such as the legalization of marijuana across different members of society. Relativism is different from deontological reasoning in the sense that upholds societal norms as the determining factor on moral issues. According to relativism, marijuana should be legalized or not based on what society considers being moral or immoral (Jebreal & Lukes, 2011).However, in the case of deontological reasoning, actions are considered to be right or wrong based on the moral duties of an individual. Whereas relativism plac es emphasis on society in solving ethical dilemmas, deontological reasoning places emphasis on the moral duty of an individual. In this case, a relativist may support the legalization of marijuana because it is commonly used among members of his or her society. The same person may oppose legalizing marijuana because it is uncommon to use marijuana or use of marijuana is considered immoral within his society.The theory of relativism raises a number of important issues related to legalizing marijuana. First, different societies have conflicting moral beliefs and that believes of people within a society are deeply determined by their culture. It is therefore important that we incorporate the relativism when arguing for or against legalizing marijuana. Second, the theory provides for the exploration of reasons that influence the differences in beliefs of different individuals. This ensures that we also challenge the beliefs we hold for or against the legalization of marijuana (Burnham, 2011). Marijuana should be legalizedMy personal opinion is that there should be the legalization of marijuana. After making comparisons between the theory of relativism and deontological reasoning, I have discovered that relativism contains views that are closer to my own views. The issue of legalizing or prohibiting marijuana should be determine on the basis of what society views to be right or wrong rather than the moral duties of an individual. The theory of deontological reasoning argues that individuals have the moral duty to do what is right and at the same time avoid what is wrong but such actions are never aimed at aximizing most good (Gerber, 2004). However, relativism argues that an action is morally good or bad based on the cultural norms of a society. In such a case, actions are either considered to be good or bad for the collective benefit of society. This means that marijuana should be legalized because it helps the society or it should be made illegal because it harms the society. There are two perspectives that can be used in supporting the use of marijuana. They include marijuana as a medicine and marijuana as an illicit drug. Medical MarijuanaSince 1972, medical marijuana has been considered an illegal substance in the United States and across a number of countries in the world. In the United States, the congress banned the use of medical marijuana on the basis that it was harmful to the health of consumers and even placed it in the first schedule of the Controlled Substances Act. Generally, the congress considered that the drug did not have any healthy gains for the human body. However, recent research studies on the effects of marijuana provided different results to the claims presented by the US congress.Theses research studies have led to the discovery that medical marijuana can be used as medicine and has the potential to heal a number of diseases (Burnham, 2011). Marijuana contains a chemical THC, which has been proven to be harmless to human body. The new discoveries provide enough reasons for the legalization of marijuana. Failure to legalize marijuana implies that a significant number of people will be denied access to proper medication. Marijuana as an illicit drug Illicit drug use is a major problem and many countries led by the US have found it very difficult to address the problem.Various governments have established a number of programs aimed at solving the problem including treatment and prevention programs, international narcotics control, and drug education programs (Rosenthal, Kubby & Newhart, 2003). Despite the efforts of government agencies to solve the problem of illicit drugs use, there is still an increase in the number of drug users. Research studies indicate that marijuana is the most commonly abused illicit drug. A perfect example is that in 1990, the US recorded approximately 6 million people using marijuana on a weekly basis or more.The increasing usage of marijuana as an illicit drug has bee n closely associated with crime rates all over the world. In 2002, the US reported that approximately 40 percent of jailed adults have at least tried using marijuana. This has the implication that the legalization of marijuana presents a big threat to law and order. Despite the fact that the use of marijuana has become a major problem, the war against its use has proven to be very costly compared to the benefits accrued from legalizing marijuana.For instance, the United States of America spends approximately 12 billion dollars in fighting the problem of marijuana. Legalizing the use of the same drug has the benefit of earning revenues for the government from taxation of marijuana. Instead of the government banning the use marijuana, it should legalize it but ensure that its cultivation, sale and purchase are regulated in order to control criminal activities associated with marijuana (Gerber, 2004). Legalizing marijuana is indeed an ethical dilemma given the fact that it can be used as medicine as well as an illicit drug.However, deontological reasoning proposes that an action is good or bad based on the moral duty of an individual rather than its consequence. The theory therefore proposes that the morality of legalizing the use of marijuana is a personal choice. On the contrary, the theory of relativism proposes that an action is morally ethical relative to the culture within such an action is practiced (Rosenthal, Kubby & Newhart, 2003). It is on the basis of the theory of relativism that I propose the legalization of the use of marijuana.The benefits of legalizing marijuana such as healing and economic value far outweigh the cost of prohibiting its use. References Burnham, A. (2011). Benefits of Legalizing Marijuana. New York: GRIN Verlag. Gerber, J. R. (2004). Legalizing Marijuana: Drug Policy Reform and Prohibition Politics. New York: Greenwood Publishing Group. Jebreal, R. & Lukes, S. (2011). Moral Relativism. New York: Profile Books. Mizzoni, J. (2009). Ethics: The Basics. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Rosenthal, E. , Kubby, S. & Newhart, S. (2003). Why Marijuana Should Be Legal. Chicago: Running Press. Legalizing Marijuana Marc Dalcin Legalizing Marijuana Marc Dalcin Dr. Marie Carroll Ashford Intro To Ethics And Social Responsibility 08/10/12 Marijuana has been at the center of a heated debate regarding its legalization. It has received both criticism and praise in equal measure. Critics refer to marijuana as a â€Å"devil weed† while supporters have often referred it to a â€Å"miracle drug. † Despite the different references to marijuana, there has been a prolonged debate on whether it should be legalized for personal use or not.There are two approaches to the use of marijuana with one involving medicinal purposes while the other involves purposes of pleasure. Medical health is an important aspect of human life and the legalization of marijuana for medicinal purposes has the importance of improving human health. In the case of using marijuana for pleasure, there is the issue of abuse of drugs, which often results in lawlessness among users. Legalizing marijuana presents an ethical dilemma in the se nse that it is difficult to ascertain the intentions of the users hence the drug may end up being used for the wrong reasons (Burnham, 2011).This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the ethical dilemma arising from the debate on legalizing marijuana and presents the use of deontological reasoning theory in solving the dilemma. The paper also includes a comparison between deontological reasoning and relativism with the eventual identification of the theory that best relates to the personal opinion with regards to the debate on legalizing marijuana. The question of legalizing marijuana Should the use personal use of marijuana be legalized? There are numerous uses associated with marijuana.AIDS and cancer patients find marijuana useful as a drug that restores appetite and fights nausea. Marijuana also has nutritional value because its seeds contain vitamins and can be used in preparing cooking oil (Rosenthal, Kubby & Newhart, 2003). Research studies also indicate that the mariju ana can be used in the manufacturing of clothes. The plant has been used in the manufacturing of paper and clothing material for a very long time and is considered produce higher amount of fibre compared to trees. Environmentalists have found the marijuana plant important in addressing the problem of deforestation and soil erosion.Marijuana is beneficial in the restoration of lost soil nutrients. To law enforcement agencies, marijuana is considered to play a major role in increasing the number of crime rates. A significant number of incarcerated criminals have at least used marijuana prior to their arrest. The above analysis on the use of marijuana and its impact clearly points out to the fact that one group will support the legalization of marijuana while the other will oppose such a move. However, the debate can be solved using two theories of deontological reasoning and relativism.Deontological Reasoning The theory of deontological reasoning proposes that actions are either corre ct or wrong in themselves without taking into account their consequences. The theory of deontological reasoning can be best explained with the use of an example of a murder case. In such a situation, a deontologist considers the act of murder as wrong based on the fact that it involves taking the life of another person. It is assumed that humans have the duty of preserving life hence one should never kill no matter the circumstances (Mizzoni, 2009).In a nutshell, this implies that the end does not justify the means. Generally, deontologists believe that human beings have the duty of upholding morality. People have the moral duty to do the right things and avoid doing things that are wrong. The consequences of an action are never considered in determining whether the action is right or wrong. An individual has to consider his or her moral duty in order to make moral decisions. In this case, the personal use of marijuana is considered right or wrong based on the moral duty of users ra ther than the consequence of the plant on its user.The theory of deontological reasoning is connected to three concepts including rights, duties and principles (Burnham, 2011). However, our discussion only focuses on duties in analyzing the debate on legalizing the personal use of marijuana. There is a brief discussion of the concept of rights with regards to the theory of deontological reasoning. If an individual has the right to life, other people have the duty of making sure that such a right is respected. This relates with the issue of legalizing the use of marijuana. From a doctor’s perspective, medical marijuana has medicinal value and can be used in preserving life through healing.In such a case, the government and law enforcement agencies have the duty of respecting the right to life by legalizing the use of marijuana in providing treatment (Gerber, 2004). Marijuana may also be used for a different purpose such as pleasure, which may eventually result in users going i nsane. In order to preserve the life of users, there is an urgent need to make it illegal for users to abuse marijuana. This is because it will reduce the number of cases related to drug abuse hence saving a significant number of the human population from getting insane or engaging in criminal activities.Insanity and criminal actions have may result in the loss of life. The theory of deontological behavior proposes two classes of duties. First, there are general duties, which are commonly identified as prohibitions. Examples of prohibitions include do not kill, do not steal, and assist the needy among other general duties. The second class of duties relate to duties arising from the fact that there exists specific social relationships. For instance, if an individual has made a promise, then he or she has the duty of keeping the promise.Additionally, if one is a parent, then he or she has the duty to provide for the children. In this case, legalizing the personal use of marijuana is considered under the class of general duties (Jebreal & Lukes, 2011). One argument is that marijuana should be prohibited because it involves abuse of substances. On the other hand, doctors with patients have the duty to provide them with treatment even if it involves the use of marijuana as a medicine. Aquinas notes that each person has duties related to personal actions. An individual has a duty to keep promises, but does not have the duty to ensure that promises are kept.According to the theory of deontology, people should be more concerned with fulfilling personal duties but never make attempts of bringing out the most good. This is because it may result in the violation of the concept of a duty. In this case, we only have the duty of meeting the needs of other people rather than maximize the good (Mizzoni, 2009). There are a number of actions that people may choose from but they are free to act as they please. Basically, this means that people have the option of using marijuana for whatever reasons regardless of its consequences. There are instances when duties conflict with each other.W. D. Ross notes that in such cases, one does not require rules in solving such a conflict. One is only required to use their judgment in arriving at a solution. However, there are cases whereby one lacks the criteria that can be used in making decisions (Mizzoni, 2009). Deontologists argue that identifying the intentions of actions can provide a solution. Ross argues that actions are determined to be wrong or right based on the intentions of the agent. Therefore, deontological reasoning justifies the legalization of marijuana on the basis that it is used to improve human health.The use of marijuana can only be considered illegal if users intend to harm others. Relativism According to the theory of relativism, an action is considered moral or immoral relative to the cultural norms of the agent. This means that an action is considered right or wrong based on the moral norms of the culture within which it is practiced. A particular action may be considered moral in one culture while immoral in another culture. Relativists are opposed to the use of universal moral standards in determining whether an action is right or wrong (Jebreal & Lukes, 2011).The United Kingdom may consider the use marijuana as morally wrong while Amsterdam considers it morally right. According to relativists, there is no standard framework to be used in resolving moral disputes such as the legalization of marijuana across different members of society. Relativism is different from deontological reasoning in the sense that upholds societal norms as the determining factor on moral issues. According to relativism, marijuana should be legalized or not based on what society considers being moral or immoral (Jebreal & Lukes, 2011).However, in the case of deontological reasoning, actions are considered to be right or wrong based on the moral duties of an individual. Whereas relativism plac es emphasis on society in solving ethical dilemmas, deontological reasoning places emphasis on the moral duty of an individual. In this case, a relativist may support the legalization of marijuana because it is commonly used among members of his or her society. The same person may oppose legalizing marijuana because it is uncommon to use marijuana or use of marijuana is considered immoral within his society.The theory of relativism raises a number of important issues related to legalizing marijuana. First, different societies have conflicting moral beliefs and that believes of people within a society are deeply determined by their culture. It is therefore important that we incorporate the relativism when arguing for or against legalizing marijuana. Second, the theory provides for the exploration of reasons that influence the differences in beliefs of different individuals. This ensures that we also challenge the beliefs we hold for or against the legalization of marijuana (Burnham, 2011). Marijuana should be legalizedMy personal opinion is that there should be the legalization of marijuana. After making comparisons between the theory of relativism and deontological reasoning, I have discovered that relativism contains views that are closer to my own views. The issue of legalizing or prohibiting marijuana should be determine on the basis of what society views to be right or wrong rather than the moral duties of an individual. The theory of deontological reasoning argues that individuals have the moral duty to do what is right and at the same time avoid what is wrong but such actions are never aimed at aximizing most good (Gerber, 2004). However, relativism argues that an action is morally good or bad based on the cultural norms of a society. In such a case, actions are either considered to be good or bad for the collective benefit of society. This means that marijuana should be legalized because it helps the society or it should be made illegal because it harms the society. There are two perspectives that can be used in supporting the use of marijuana. They include marijuana as a medicine and marijuana as an illicit drug. Medical MarijuanaSince 1972, medical marijuana has been considered an illegal substance in the United States and across a number of countries in the world. In the United States, the congress banned the use of medical marijuana on the basis that it was harmful to the health of consumers and even placed it in the first schedule of the Controlled Substances Act. Generally, the congress considered that the drug did not have any healthy gains for the human body. However, recent research studies on the effects of marijuana provided different results to the claims presented by the US congress.Theses research studies have led to the discovery that medical marijuana can be used as medicine and has the potential to heal a number of diseases (Burnham, 2011). Marijuana contains a chemical THC, which has been proven to be harmless to human body. The new discoveries provide enough reasons for the legalization of marijuana. Failure to legalize marijuana implies that a significant number of people will be denied access to proper medication. Marijuana as an illicit drug Illicit drug use is a major problem and many countries led by the US have found it very difficult to address the problem.Various governments have established a number of programs aimed at solving the problem including treatment and prevention programs, international narcotics control, and drug education programs (Rosenthal, Kubby & Newhart, 2003). Despite the efforts of government agencies to solve the problem of illicit drugs use, there is still an increase in the number of drug users. Research studies indicate that marijuana is the most commonly abused illicit drug. A perfect example is that in 1990, the US recorded approximately 6 million people using marijuana on a weekly basis or more.The increasing usage of marijuana as an illicit drug has bee n closely associated with crime rates all over the world. In 2002, the US reported that approximately 40 percent of jailed adults have at least tried using marijuana. This has the implication that the legalization of marijuana presents a big threat to law and order. Despite the fact that the use of marijuana has become a major problem, the war against its use has proven to be very costly compared to the benefits accrued from legalizing marijuana.For instance, the United States of America spends approximately 12 billion dollars in fighting the problem of marijuana. Legalizing the use of the same drug has the benefit of earning revenues for the government from taxation of marijuana. Instead of the government banning the use marijuana, it should legalize it but ensure that its cultivation, sale and purchase are regulated in order to control criminal activities associated with marijuana (Gerber, 2004). Legalizing marijuana is indeed an ethical dilemma given the fact that it can be used as medicine as well as an illicit drug.However, deontological reasoning proposes that an action is good or bad based on the moral duty of an individual rather than its consequence. The theory therefore proposes that the morality of legalizing the use of marijuana is a personal choice. On the contrary, the theory of relativism proposes that an action is morally ethical relative to the culture within such an action is practiced (Rosenthal, Kubby & Newhart, 2003). It is on the basis of the theory of relativism that I propose the legalization of the use of marijuana.The benefits of legalizing marijuana such as healing and economic value far outweigh the cost of prohibiting its use. References Burnham, A. (2011). Benefits of Legalizing Marijuana. New York: GRIN Verlag. Gerber, J. R. (2004). Legalizing Marijuana: Drug Policy Reform and Prohibition Politics. New York: Greenwood Publishing Group. Jebreal, R. & Lukes, S. (2011). Moral Relativism. New York: Profile Books. Mizzoni, J. (2009). Ethics: The Basics. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Rosenthal, E. , Kubby, S. & Newhart, S. (2003). Why Marijuana Should Be Legal. Chicago: Running Press.

Nature Vs. Nature Nature And Nurture - 969 Words

Human beings are complicated and have complex personalities—and serial killers even more complex. Determining where these personalities come from, especially in serial killers, is a question of speculation asked by psychologists. One theory, nature, is that who people are is determined by genetics. Another theory, nurture, is that people are who they are because of environment. Both theories are in fact correct; however, the cause of personality is not solely nature or nurture, but on a case by case basis, can be both. According to Saul McLeod in â€Å"Nature versus Nurture in Psychology,† nature is â€Å"what we think of as pre-wiring and is influenced by genetic inheritance and other biological factors.† Nature is our prewritten genetic code—genes determine physical characteristics like height, eye color, hair color, but genes can also determine personality. When studies based on nature are performed, fraternal twins are often studied; In â€Å"Nature and Nurture Debate† Sarah Mae Sincero states that â€Å"When fraternal twins are reared apart, they show the same similarities in behavior and response as if they have been reared together† (1). Even though the environment has changed, behavior stays the same. McLeod defines nurture as followed: â€Å"Nurture is generally taken as the influence of external factors after conception e.g. the product of exposure, experience and learning on an individual† (1). With the nurture factors of surroundings, childhoodShow MoreRelatedNature Vs Nurture : Nature Or Nurture874 Words   |  4 Pages Nature or Nurture. Nature may be all of the genes and hereditary factors with which influence them to become who they are such as physical appearances and personality characteristics. Nurturing impacts people’s lives as well as how they are raised and all the environmental factors. In combination, these qualities can be the true identity of oneself. Many people may argue that nurture appears to a play huge factor in the two, but others may think otherwise. Not having both as a characteristic canRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Nature And Nurture1821 Words   |  8 PagesNature and nurture are usually seen as very different things, but they are actually somewhat similar and even integrated. There is a huge debate over which holds more influence over how people develop and whether they behave based on genes or their environment. In Sincero’s article Nature and Nurture Debate she discusses arguments for both sides, saying behavior may be completely in a person’s genes, or it could come from experience and influence. Many people believe â€Å"that the criminal acts, tendencyRead MoreNature And Nurture : Nature Vs. Nurture1780 Words   |  8 PagesAs Nature Made Him: Nature vs. Nurture Human behavior is determined by both biological and environmental factors. Psychologists are interested in learning which of these factors is a greater influence on human behavior and identity. Although psychologists today generally agree that both nature and nurture play a role in conditioning behavior, there is still disagreement about the part that each of the factors have in determining behavior. The nature versus nurture debate focuses around the extentRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Is The Nature Or Nurture?1300 Words   |  6 PagesAoS 3: Student Directed Research Investigation Unit 1 Psychology - Megan Rodrigues RESEARCH QUESTION How is the nature vs nurture debate related to a consideration of the mental disorder, schizophrenia? INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is categorized by thoughts or experiences that seem abnormal with reality, disorganized speech or behaviour and decreased participation in regular daily activities. Difficulty with memory and concentration are sometimes also present. The two hit hypothesis generally refersRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Nature And Nurture1821 Words   |  8 Pages Nature and nurture are usually seen as very different things, but they are actually somewhat similar and even integrated. There is a huge debate over which holds more influence over how people develop and whether they behave based on genes or their environment. In Sincero’s article Nature and Nurture Debate she discusses arguments for both sides, saying behavior may be completely in a person’s genes, or it could come from experience and influence. Many people believe â€Å"that the criminal acts, tendencyRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : Nature Versus Nurture1337 Words   |  6 PagesNature vs. Nurture There are many different ways that behavior can be explained, especially on the terms of nature vs. nurture. Aggression is a behavior that has been extensively analyzed in a complex manner and the causes of it can be explained many different ways. Aggression can be defined as hostile or destructive behavior that can cause injury or destructive outlook especially when caused by frustration. Nature can be defined as aspects of behavior that have been inherited or are genetic, whileRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Nature And Nurture928 Words   |  4 PagesAs mentioned briefly in my self-introduction post, the nature-nurture portion of our textbook is the one part of this course I stated I looked forward to the most. I have always found myself engaged in a constant internal battle regarding nature versus nurture. Adding to this internal battle is the fact that I am married to an identical twin†¦a twin who drastically differs from his brother in several ways. These differences betw een my husband and his twin have resulted in my questioning if theRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Nature And Nurture994 Words   |  4 PagesNature and Nurture: How They Interact in Human Development Nature or Nurture, which of these are the most important in shaping who we are? â€Å"Are genetics or environmental factors more important?† (Berk, 2014, p. 5) Researchers have been arguing whether nature or nurture is the most influential force in shaping human beings for a long time. The answer seems to be a complex combination of both nature and nurture. One thing that everybody can agree on is that human beings are more than the sum of ourRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Nature Versus Nurture882 Words   |  4 Pagestheir parents. Meaning they think Nature is a big part in their life and why they are who they are. The genes in each cell in us humans determine the different traits that we have, more dominantly on the physical connections like eye color, hair color, ear size, height, and other traits. However, it is still not known whether the more abstract attributes like personality, intelligence, sexual orientation, likes and dislikes are gene-coded in our DNA. The nurture theory has experiments showing a child’sRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : Nature Versus Nurture Essay1939 Words   |  8 PagesNature versus Nurture You got your dark brown hair from your father and you got your looks from your mother, but where did you get your excitement for sports and your love for all animals? A person’s physical characteristics lean more towards genes and heredity, but our genes are not mentioned as much when behavior is the topic. This is how the nature versus nurture debate first began. Scientists who believe in the nature theory believe that people behave the way they do due to heredity and genes